Seabirds are global travellers connecting oceans and seas all over the world, and facing multiple threats at local and global scales. Seabirds are long-lived top predators, reflecting changes at lower trophic levels, and are good models to assess ecological changes produced by human societies. Thus, world-wide collaborations are needed to understand seabird ecology and to develop effective conservation measures benefitting both humans and seabird populations.

This book provides a modern overview on seabird biodiversity studies: it begins by covering the most up-to-date techniques to study seabirds, and then focus on pragmatic issues related with interactions between seabirds and humans, the use of seabirds as ecological indicators and conservation of seabirds. It gives an updated insight on all these topics and highlights gaps that need further development for a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between seabirds and human actions.

This book covers the response of the seabird research community to a biodiversity crisis aiming to contribute towards environmental sustainability. It should provide inspiration to a wide range of professionals and students, including the much needed world-wide collaboration between research groups and practitioners. In this way seabird research and conservation provide an inspiration for the solution of global issues such as climate change.

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Foreword ixPreface xiIntroduction xiiiChapter 1. Mediterranean Lagoons and Estuaries 11.1. What is a lagoon and what is an estuary? 21.2. Lagoons and estuaries of the Mediterranean: characteristics,inventory and classification 81.3. Some recurrent preconceived ideas and problems concerning lagoons 141.4. Geological, geographic and physicochemical types of lagoon 151.4.1. According to their geological origin 151.4.2. According to their connections with the sea 161.4.3. According to their physical chemistry 171.4.4. According to their haline system 171.4.5. According to their nutrient content 181.4.6. According to their geographic position and connection with the sea 191.5. Lagoon hydroclimate and hydrodynamics 191.6. Some features of lagoon ichthyoecobiology 211.7. Production in lagoons and trophic chains 261.8. Lagoon habitats 30Chapter 2. Ecology and Behavior 332.1. Origin and originality 382.2. Ecology and behavior 432.2.1. Sedentaries 442.2.2. Migrators 472.2.3. Intermittent residents 502.3. Sea-lagoon/lagoon-sea fish interaction: the phenology of migrations 512.3.1. Inmigration 512.3.2. Outmigrations 552.4. Ecological valence 582.5. Lagoons and invasions: the presence of exotic species 592.6. Structure of fish assemblages 622.6.1. Natural factors in spatiotemporal distribution 632.6.2. Assemblages and anthropization 662.6.3. Utilization of ichthyological indicators 69Chapter 3. Biology and Genetics 713.1. Sexuality 723.2. Reproduction 773.2.1. Nest building, gestation and fecundity 783.2.2. Reproductive success and gamete management 823.2.3. Reproductive particularities in Blenniidae, Gobiidae and Labridae 853.2.4. Reproductive particularities in Syngnathidae 863.2.5. Other aspects of nest building and parental care 933.2.6. Other aspects of reproduction in migrators 1043.3. Feeding and energy transfer 1053.3.1. Alimentary guilds and competition 1053.3.2. Cannibalism 1073.3.3. Feeding behavior 1083.4. Age and growth 1123.5. Intra- and interspecific communication 1183.5.1. Visual functions 1193.5.2. The olfactory functions 1213.5.3. Auditive and mechanoreceptive functions 1233.6. Ecological genetics 1263.6.1. Sedentary species 1263.6.2. Migratory species 1293.6.3. Other structural factors 130Chapter 4. Fisheries and Aquaculture 1374.1. Fishing in lagoons 1384.1.1. Advantages of lagoons for fisheries 1384.1.2. Fishing methods and techniques 1404.1.3. Fisheries production and yield 1524.1.4. Interaction between marine and lagoon fisheries 1614.2. Aquaculture in lagoons 1634.3. Fisheries-aquaculture interactions in the lagoons 166Chapter 5. Anthropization and Climate Change 1695.1. Threats to lagoon and estuarine systems and their ichthyological populations 1695.2. On the need for an integrated approach to lagoon ichthyology 1795.3. Toward a best knowledge of lagoons: the contribution of the Mediterranean "lagoon-estuarine networks" 180Appendix 183Glossary 191References 199Index of Scientific Names and Common Words 257Index by Country: Lagoons, Lakes, Ponds, Delta and Estuaries 263

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Atherinidae Risso, 1827 --
Blenniidae Rafinesque, 1815 --
Cyprinodontidae berg, 1940 --
Gawsterosteidae Gunther, 1869 --
Gobiidae Regan, 1911 --
Labridae Jordan and Evermann, 1898 --
Poeciliidae Berg, 1910 --
Syngnathidae Gunther, 1870.

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1. Anguillidae Jordan and Evermann, 1896 1.1. Anguilla (Schrank, 1798) 1.1.1. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) 1.2. Bibliography 2. Engraulidae Jordan and Evermann, 1896 2.1. Engraulis Cuvier, 1817 2.1.1. Engraulis russoi Dulzetto, 1947 2.2. Bibliography 3. Gobiidae Regan, 1911 3.1. Pomatoschistus Gill, 18643.1.1. Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) 3.2. Bibliography 4. Moronidae Jordan and Evermann, 1896 4.1. Dicentrarchus Gill, 1860 4.1.1. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) 4.2. Bibliography 5. Mugilidae Günther, 1861 5.1. Chelon (Rose Walbaum, 1793) 5.1.1. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827) 5.2. Liza (Jordan and Swain, 1884) 5.2.1. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) 5.2.2. Liza ramada (Risso, 1827) 5.2.3. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) 5.3. Mugil Linnaeus, 1758 5.3.1. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 5.4. Bibliography

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Content: Foreword viiPreface ixIntroduction xiChapter 1. Mullidae Gunther, 1859 11.1. Mullus Linnaeus, 1758 31.1.1. Mullus barbatus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 51.1.2. Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 231.2. Bibliography 41Chapter 2. Pleuronectidae Norman, 1934 592.1. Platichthys Girard, 1854-1855 [1856] 592.1.1. Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) 602.2. Bibliography 70Chapter 3. Soleidae Norman, 1934 753.1. Solea Quensel, 1806 773.1.1. Solea aegyptiaca Chabanaud, 1927 793.1.2. Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 853.1.3. Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) 913.2. Bibliography 110Chapter 4. Sparidae Jordan and Evermann, 1898 1294.1. Diplodus Rafinesque, 1810 1304.1.1. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) 1354.1.2. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) 1484.1.3. Diplodus sargus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1614.1.4. Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) 1804.2. Lithognathus Swainson, 1839 1944.2.1. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1944.3. Sarpa Bonaparte, 1831 2064.3.1. Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) 2064.4. Sparus Linnaeus, 1758 2174.4.1. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 2184.5. Bibliography 240Glossary 273Index 281