1.1 Introduction......Page 17 1.2 Trophic Classes of Water Bodies......Page 19 1.3 The Role of Phosphorus in Eutrophication......Page 20 1.3.1 Phosphorus Pollution Sources......Page 22 1.4 Impacts of Eutrophication......Page 23 1.5 The Extent of Eutrophication......Page 24 Further Reading/Resources......Page 26 2.1 Introduction......Page 27 2.2.1 Water Policies for P Pollution Control – the United States of America......Page 29 2.2.2 Water Policy – European Union......Page 37 2.2.3 Brazil Water Policy......Page 41 2.2.4 China Water Policy......Page 43 2.2.5 India Water Policy......Page 45 2.3 Governance of Innovative Technologies for Phosphorus Removal......Page 46 Case Study 2.2......Page 47 2.4.1 USA......Page 52 2.4.2 Europe......Page 55 3.1 Introduction......Page 57 3.2.1 Conventional Sewage Wastewater Treatment......Page 59 3.2.2 Phosphorus Removal at MWWTPs......Page 60 3.2.3 Costs of P Removal in Municipal Wastewater Facilities (MWWTF)......Page 63 3.2.4 Novel Technologies for P Removal from MWWTFs......Page 65 3.3 Phosphorus Removal from Residential Wastewater Effluents (Onsite Residential Wastewater and Disposal Treatment Systems)......Page 66 3.3.1 Potential Phosphorus Loading from OSS......Page 67 3.3.2 Mitigation of P Pollution from OSS......Page 69 3.3.3 Phosphorus Removal Methods and Technologies for OSS Effluents Treatment......Page 72 3.4.1 Phosphex™......Page 80 3.4.3 PhosphoReduc™......Page 81 3.5.1 Phosphorus Input from Agricultural Production......Page 86 3.5.2 Crop Production......Page 88 3.5.4 Agricultural BMPs – Origin and Brief History......Page 89 3.5.5 BMPs and GAPs Guidelines and User Manuals......Page 91 3.5.6 Today Europe Remains Very Far from Curtailing Phosphorus Pollution from Agriculture......Page 92 3.5.7 The Costs of Agricultural Management Practices’ (AMPs) Implementation......Page 93 3.5.8 Methods for Assessing BMP’s Cost‐Effectiveness in Mitigating Agricultural P Pollution......Page 96 3.5.9 Challenges in Assessing Treatment Efficiency of AMPs......Page 97 3.5.11 Vegetative Buffer Strips (VBS)......Page 99 3.5.12 Constructed Wetlands (CW)......Page 101 3.5.13 Phosphorus Removal from Agricultural Tile Drainage......Page 102 3.5.14 Phosphorus Removal Methods from Livestock Production......Page 104 3.5.15 Obstacles to Innovation......Page 109 3.6.1 Urban Stormwater Runoff Treatment – Background......Page 110 3.6.2 The International Stormwater BMPs Database (ISBD)......Page 111 3.6.3 Commercial Products......Page 112 3.6.4 Challenges in Bringing Innovative Products to the Stormwater Runoff Management Market......Page 113 3.7 In-Lake Treatment of P......Page 114 4.1 Introduction......Page 116 4.2 P Recovery from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Effluents......Page 118 4.2.1 Commercial Technologies and Products......Page 122 4.3 P Recovery from Manure......Page 124 4.3.1 Current EU P Recovery Projects......Page 126 4.4 P Recovery from Alternative Sources – Water and Soil Management Systems......Page 128 4.5 Phosphorus Recovery Regulations......Page 129 4.6 Conclusions......Page 131