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سیستمهای ساحلی در آمریکای لاتین را ارائه
میدهد، شامل یک توصیف جدید از عملکرد
اکوسیستمهای ترکیبی ساحلی است و همچنین
پیشبینی میکند که چگونه بینظمیهای طبیعی
یا حاصل از عملکرد انسانی، از طریق این
شبکهها نفوذ میکند.
مناطق ساحلی جزو اکوسیستمهای بسیار شلوغ
سراسر جهان هستند، و به میزان بسیار زیادی
تحت تاثیر فعالیتهای انسانی مثل کشتیرانی،
معدن، شیلات، گردشگری، آلودگی و سکونت انسان
قرار دارند. حتی اگر بسیاری از این
فعالیتها منجر به تسهیل توسعهء اقتصادی و
اجتماعی شده باشند، باز هم باعث زوال قابل
توجهی در جمعیت طبیعی، ساختار جوامع و
اکوسیستمهای سراسر جهان هستند. برای بررسی
مشکلاتی از این دست، آمریکای لاتین میتواند
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Foreword Preface Contents
Part I: Natural and Human Environment of
Coastal Ecosystems Ecological Modeling and
Conservation on the Coasts of Mexico 1
Introduction 1.1 Oceanographic Features
Ocean Acidification Oxygen Minimum Zones
1.2 Biodiversity of Coral and Rocky Reefs
Caribbean Gulf of Mexico Pacific 1.3
Ecological Connectivity 1.4 Main Threats
to Biodiversity from Human-Related
Activities in the Caribbean 2 Conclusion
and Remarks References The Humboldt
Current Large Marine Ecosystem (HCLME), a
Challenging Scenario for Modelers and
Their Contribution for the Manager 1
Introduction 1.1 Upwelling and Related
Determinant Oceanographic Features 1.2
Diversity, Productivity, and Trends in
Fisheries Landings 2 Conclusion References
Part II: Marine Ecosystem Models in the
Latin American Coasts Modelling the
Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem: From
Winds to Predators 1 Introduction 1.1
Atmospheric Modeling of the NHCE 1.2
Oceanic Physical-Biogeochemical Modeling
of the NHCE 1.3 Individual Based Ecosystem
Models of the NHCE 1.4 Ecotrophic
Modelling of the NHCE 2 Conclusions
References Using Ecosystem Models to
Evaluate Stock Recovery in Two Hake
Species from Chile 1 Introduction 2 Study
Area and Modelling Framework 2.1
Mathematical Model and Functional Groups
2.2 Optimization Routines 3 Modelling
Outcomes 4 Fisheries and Socio-Economical
Constrains 5 Conclusions References
Macroscopic Properties and Keystone
Species Complexes in Kelp Forest
Ecosystems Along the North-Central Chilean
Coast 1 Introduction 1.1 Macroscopic or
Emergent Ecosystem Properties 1.2 Keystone
Species Complex: A Holistic Concept 2
Geographical Areas Modelling Structure and
Assumptions 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Ecosystem
Model Compartments 2.3 Macroscopic
Ecosystem Properties 2.4 Determination of
Keystone Species Functional Index
Topological or Structural Index
Semi-Quantitative Keystone Index
Centrality of Nodes Sets 3 Macroscopic
Ecosystem Properties and Keystone Species
Complex 4 Conclusions and Future
Directions References Exploring Harvest
Strategies in a Benthic Habitat in the
Humboldt Current System (Chile): A Study
Case 1 Introduction 2 Geographical Area
and Modelling 2.1 Baseline Information for
Models 2.2 Simulation of Harvest by
Changes in Fishing Mortality 2.3 Analysis
of Optimization of Economic and Ecological
Scenarios 2.4 Ecosystem Maturity Indicator
3 Modelling Outcomes 4 Conclusions
References How Much Biomass Must Remain in
the Sea After Fishing to Preserve
Ecosystem Functioning? The Case of the
Sardine Fishery in the Gulf of California,
Mexico 1 Introduction 1.1 The Trophic
Network of the Central Gulf of California
Entropy Noxycline Estimation Annex
References Macroscopic Network Properties
and Spatially-Explicit Dynamic Model of
the Banco Chinchorro Biosphere Reserve
Coral Reef (Caribbean Sea) for the
Assessment of Harvest Scenarios 1
Introduction 2 Modeling Strategy and
Assumptions 2.1 Data Sources, Model
Compartments, and Dynamic Simulations 3
Macroscopic Network Properties and
Dynamic-Spatial Model Responses References
The Use of Ecological Networks as Tools
for Understanding and Conserving Marine
Biodiversity 1 Introduction 2 Background
2.1 Advances in Network Ecology and Their
Relevance for Conservation 2.2 Macroscopic
and Microscopic Patterns in Marine Food
Webs: From Network Structure to Species
Topological Roles 2.3 Processes Shaping
the Structure of Marine Food Webs 2.4 The
Roles That Fisheries Play Within Food Webs
3 Analytical Approaches 3.1 Structural
Analysis: Local and Mesoscale Indices 3.2
Keystone Species and Keystone Species
Complexes 3.3 Modularity 3.4 Linking
Network Theory and Modeling: An Adaptive
Network Models Approach 4 Concluding
Remarks References Modelling and
Conservation of Coastal Marine Ecosystems
in Latin America
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