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درباره این کتاب:
This book
offers a comprehensive introduction
to basic ecological and
biological principles underlying modern
agriculture, forestry, fisheries and
aquaculture, and explains how these
principles are used to increase the
production of food and other raw materials
(wood, biofuels, fibers and other
materials). The book is translated into
English, originally published in
Czech by Karolinum Press, Charles
University, and provides new updated
information to discuss how the
intensification of the production of these
goods changes the structure of ecosystems
concerning energy and nutrient flows, and
how these changes affect the functioning
of ecosystems and the subsequent
provisions of other non-productive
ecosystem services. Additionally, the
authors describe the methods by which
contemporary science and society strives
to increase the sustainability of
agriculture, forestry and fisheries to
maintain not only the production of food
and other goods, but also other ecosystem
services.
Although not a textbook on agriculture,
forestry and fisheries, the book
familiarizes readers with the principles
of their technologies, because the impact
on ecosystems is largely based on the
technological processes used. The
book is primarily focused on temperate
ecosystems, but it contains a number of
examples about marine and tropical
ecosystems impacted by globalization and
our consumer behavior. The book will be of
interest to students and researchers with
backgrounds in ecology and environmental
science, as well as non-experts interested
in ecology and environmental protection
.
■ در این کتاب چه
میخوانیم:
Table of contents :
Chapter 1: General Background in Ecology
and Environmental Sciences 1.1 Ecosystem
Services and Human Impact on Them 1.2
Metabolism of Human Society 1.3 Primary
Production and Factors Influencing It
1.3.1 Photosynthesis and Energetics of
Plants 1.3.2 Factors Affecting Primary
Production 1.3.3 Plant Growth Strategies,
Allocation to Production of Different
Types of Plants, Changes in Production,
and Biomass During Succession 1.3.4 Soils
and Their Effect on Primary Production and
Suitability for Agriculture and Forestry
1.4 Secondary Production 1.4.1 Energy
Balance of Heterotrophic Organisms 1.4.2
Factors Influencing Secondary Production
1.5 Diversity 1.5.1 Factors Affecting
Diversity 1.5.2 The Relationship Between
Production and Diversity 1.6 Competition
Between Organisms and Its Relationship
with Production and Yield 1.7 Flow of
Energy and Matter in the Ecosystem 1.7.1
Energy Flow 1.7.2 Water Cycle 1.7.3 Cycles
of Major Biogenic Elements Chapter 2:
Agriculture 2.1 Definition, Development,
and Types of Agriculture 2.1.1 Development
of Agriculture 2.1.2 Types of Agriculture
2.2 Crop Production 2.2.1 Crops, Origin,
and Development 2.2.1.1 Main Types of
Agricultural Crops 2.2.1.2 Varieties and
Breeding 2.2.2 Agrotechniques: Adjustment
of Conditions for Plants in Agriculture
2.2.2.1 Additional Energy 2.2.2.2
Fertilization and Plant Nutrition Main
Types of Fertilizers Nitrogen Fertilizers
Phosphorus Fertilizers Potassium
Fertilizers Fertilizer Application 2.2.2.3
Irrigation and Drainage 2.2.2.4 Plant
Protection 2.2.3 Cultivation of Field
Crops 2.2.4 Permanent Grassland 2.2.5
Permanent Crops and Agroforestry 2.2.6
Horticulture 2.2.7 Agricultural
Mechanization 2.3 Crop Production and
Ecosystems 2.3.1 Impacts of Agriculture at
a Landscape Level 2.3.2 Water and Energy
Flow 2.3.3 Nutrient Flow in the Landscape
and the Cycle of Elements 2.3.4 Organic
Matter, Erosion, and Other Effects on Soil
2.3.5 Crop Production and Biodiversity
2.3.6 Crop Production and Global Climate
Change 2.4 Animal Production 2.4.1
Biological Basis of Animal Production
2.4.2 The Main Species of Livestock and
Their Origin 2.4.3 Animal Husbandry
2.4.3.1 Pastoralism 2.4.3.2 Keeping of
Housed Animals 2.4.4 Feeding Livestock 2.5
Animal Production and Its Effects on
Organisms and Ecosystems 2.5.1 Impact on
Habitats and Biodiversity 2.5.2 Impact on
Biogeochemical Cycles, Pollution, and
Global Change 2.5.3 Living Conditions of
Domestic Animals 2.6 Organic Farming and
Other Approaches to Environmentally
Friendly Agriculture 2.6.1 Organic Farming
and Its Impact on the Environment and
Human Health 2.6.2 Alternative Approaches
to Environmentally Friendly Agriculture
2.7 Alternatives for the Development of
Future Agriculture Chapter 3: Forestry and
Hunting 3.1 Forest and Biological Bases of
Forestry 3.1.1 Definition of Forest and
Its Function 3.1.2 Types of Forest 3.1.3
Growth and Development of Natural Forests
3.1.4 The Main Species of Forest Trees 3.2
Forest Cultivation, Clear-Cut, and
Continuous Forest 3.2.1 Reforestation
3.2.2 Thinning 3.2.3 Forest Harvest 3.2.4
Forest Protection 3.2.4.1 Abiotic Factors
3.2.4.2 Biotic Factors - Pests 3.3
Lignicultures and Plantations of
Fast-Growing Woody Plants 3.4 Forest
Management and Ecosystems 3.4.1 Forest
Management and Biodiversity 3.4.2 The
Importance of the Forest for the Water
Movement in the Landscape 3.4.3 Forest and
Biogeochemical Cycles 3.4.4 Forest and
Global Change 3.5 Game and Hunting 3.5.1
Most Important Game Species 3.5.2 Game
Production, Hunting Strategies, Planning,
and Management of Hunting 3.5.3 Impact of
Hunting on Game Populations and Ecosystems
Chapter 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture 4.1
Biological Bases of Fisheries 4.1.1 Growth
of Fish Populations and Methods of
Optimizing Their Fishing 4.1.2 Production
of World Waters and Their Use 4.1.2.1 Sea
and Oceans 4.1.2.2 Inland Waters 4.1.3
Most Important Species of Caught Marine
Animals 4.2 Main Methods of Catching Fish
and Other Animals and Their Environmental
Impacts 4.2.1 Fishing for Marine Fish,
Crustaceans, and Mollusks 4.2.2 Whaling
4.2.3 Freshwater Fishing 4.2.4
Environmental Impacts of Fishing 4.2.5
Sport Fishing and Its Environmental
Impacts 4.2.6 Possibilities of Fishing
Regulation 4.3 Aquaculture 4.3.1 Types of
Aquaculture and Their Scope 4.3.2 Main
Species of Fish and Other Organisms in
Aquaculture 4.3.3 Pond Farming and Other
Inland Aquaculture and Their Environmental
Impacts 4.3.4 Marine Aquaculture and its
Environmental Impacts 4.4 Impacts of
Agriculture and Forestry on Fisheries and
Aquatic Ecosystems
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