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درباره این کتاب:
This volume
reviews recent hydrological and
environmental issues resulting from
human-induced water pollution practices
while providing case studies on the
physical, chemical, and eco-biological
techniques used to mitigate the impacts of
river ecosystem pollution in South Asian
countries. The book demonstrates the key
methods of measurement, monitoring,
mapping, and modeling of river water
quality and how it is impacted by
pollution and incorporates contemporary
geospatial technological applications for
the management and sustainability of
future water resources. The major topics
that the book addresses are the
fundamental concepts of river ecosystem
health, riverine ecology and habitats,
risk assessment of riverine pollution, and
technology-based river pollution control
strategies. The book will serve as an
interdisciplinary guide for researchers,
students, and GIS specialists working in
various disciplines, including pollution
hazards, river ecosystem restoration,
water quality, remote sensing, zoology,
natural resources management, and
environmental geography.
■ در این کتاب چه
میخوانیم:
Table of contents :
1 Acknowledgments Disclaimer Contents
About the Editors Contributors Chapter 1:
River Health and Ecology: Perspective View
and Approach 1 Introduction 2 River
Health: Issues and Challenges 3 Key Aims
of the Book 4 Individual Chapters
References Chapter 2: Arthropods: An
Important Bio-Indicator to Decipher the
Health of the Water of South Asian Rivers
1 Introduction 2 Monitoring Pollution
Using Bioindicator 2.1 Various
Characteristics that Make an Organism a
Bioindicator 2.1.1 How to Select a
Bioindicator? 2.2 Biomonitoring and
Bioindicators 2.3 Various Advantages of
Biomonitoring 2.3.1 Biomonitoring
Approaches Based on Hopkin (1993): 3
Various Aquatic Organisms used as
Bioindicators 4 Various Arthropod Species
Used as a Bioindicator 4.1 Class: Insecta
4.2 Class: Crustacea 5 Arthropods Used as
Bioindicators in South Asian Rivers 6
Advantages of Biomonitoring the River
Ecosystem 6.1 Diversity Indices 6.2
Multimeric Approaches 6.3 Indices of
Biological Integrity 6.4 Biotic Indices
6.5 Multivariate Approaches 6.6 Functional
Approaches 6.6.1 Functional Feeding Groups
(FFGs) 6.6.2 Multiple Biological Traits
6.7 Early Warning Bioindicators 6.8
Bioassays Protocols 6.9 Widely Used
Methods of Biomonitoring in River 6.9.1
Measures of the BMWP Scores 6.9.2
BMWP-ASPT (Biological Monitoring Working
Party Average Score Per Taxon) 6.9.3
Percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera,
and Trichoptera (%EPT) 7 Conclusion
References Chapter 3: Anthropogenic Stress
on River Health: With Special Reference to
Kangsabati River, West Bengal, India 1
Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3
Results and Discussion 3.1 Impacts on
Riparian Areas 3.2 Sand Mining 3.3
Agricultural Practices 3.4 Construction of
Bridge on River 3.5 Brick Factory Adjacent
to River 3.6 Recreational Use 3.7 Harmful
Fishing 3.8 Construction of Dam 3.9
Introduction of Exotic Fish and Plant
Species 3.10 Fisheries Sector/Overfishing
3.11 Discharge of Plastic and Domestic
Sewage 3.12 Cattle Washing 3.13 Soaps and
Detergents 3.14 Mass Bathing and Religious
Activities 3.15 Pollution Indicator
Species 4 Conclusions 4.1 River
Conservation Efforts 4.2 Recommendations
References Chapter 4: Role of Modern
Biotechnology in the Era of River Water
Pollution 1 Introduction 2 Metagenomics
Approach for Detection of Water Pollution
3 NGS Platform for Metagenome Sequencing 4
Bioinformatics Tools Used for Sequence
Analysis 5 Biofilms as Aquatic Environment
Cleaning Technology 6 Removal of Pesticide
from Polluted Water through Remediation
Technology 7 Floating Treatment Wetlands
as a Remediation Agent of Contaminated
Water 8 Conclusion References Chapter 5:
Assessment of Chitinolytic Bacteria
Isolated from Zooplankton of Freshwater
Ecosystem 1 Introduction 2 Materials and
Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Plankton
Density and Water Physiochemical Property
2.3 Isolation and Screening 2.4 Colloidal
Chitin Agar (CCA) Preparation and
Screening of Chitinolytic Bacteria 2.5
Biochemical Characterization and
Assessment of Enzyme Sensitivity through
Vitek2 Compact System 2.6 Assay of
β-N-Acetyl-Glucosaminidase and Chitinase
Activity 2.7 16 S rRNA Sequencing and
Phylogenetic Tree Construction 2.8
Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Abiotic
and Plankton Density 3.2 Microbiological
Study 3.3 Biochemical Characterizations of
the Isolates 3.4 Isoenzyme Activity
Analysis of the Isolates 3.5
β-N-Acetyl-Glucosaminidase and Chitinase
Activity 3.6 Identification of Isolates
and Phylogenetic Tree Analysis 4
Discussion 5 Conclusion References Chapter
6: Microplastics in Freshwater Riverine
Systems: Brief Profile, Trophic-Level
Transfer and Probable Remediation 1
Introduction 2 Major Pollutants
Responsible for Degradation of Riverine
Health 3 Microplastics as an Anthropogenic
Pollutant 4 Distribution of MPs in Aquatic
Ecosystems 5 Freshwater Riverine Systems
are in Crisis due to MPs Pollution 6
Difficulties of South-Asian Rivers: An
Overall Scenario of MPs Pollution 7 MPs
Pollution in the European River Basins 8
MPs pollution in the North and South
American River Basins 9 MPs Pollution in
African Riverine Basins 10 Plastic
Pollution and MPs Interaction with Biota:
Status and Risk Assessment 11 Probable
Remediation 12 Concluding Remarks
References Chapter 7: Assessment of River
Health through Water and Biological
Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 Materials
and Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Meta
Diversity Analysis 2.3 Analysis of Water
Quality Parameters 2.4 Water Quality Index
(WQI) 2.5 Nutrient Pollution Index (NPI)
2.6 Qualitative Habitat Index (QHEI) and
Assessment of Physical Habitats 2.7 Index
of Biological Integrity (IBI) 2.8
Statistical Analyses 3 Results and
Discussion 3.1 Assessment of Water Quality
3.2 Water Quality Index (WQI) 3.3 Chemical
Health Evaluation Based on Nutrient
Pollution Index (NPI) 3.4 Physical Habitat
Health Assessment Based on Qualitative
Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) 3.5
Macroinvertebrates 3.6 Biological River
Health Evaluation Based on Biological
Integrity Index (IBI) 4 Conclusion
References Chapter 8: Estimating Water
Quality of Sundarban Coastal Zone Area
Using Landsat Series Satellite Data 1
Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1
Study Area 2.2 Data and Methodology 3
Results and Discussion 3.1 Surface Water
Resource 3.2 Physico-Chemical Analysis
3.2.1 pH 3.2.2 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 3.2.3
Chlorophyll Concentration 3.2.4 Water
Salinity Range 3.2.5 Turbidity Water 3.3
Hydrological Condition 3.3.1 Waterbodies
3.3.2 Ground Water 3.3.3 Freshwater
Related Problems in Sundarbans 3.3.4
Remediation of Water Issues 4 Conclusions
References Chapter 9: Anthropogenic
Impacts on Hydro-Morphodynamic Behavior in
the Middle–Lower Course of Subarnarekha
River, India 1 Introduction 2 Material and
Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Database and
Data Processing 3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Impacts of Sand Mining and Artificial
Structural Measures 3.1.1 Changing
Hydrodynamic Behavior 3.1.2 Morphodynamic
Adjustment 3.1.3 Ecological Impact 3.1.4
Impact on Socioeconomic Status 3.2 Loss of
Channel Capacity 3.3 Recommended
Management Strategies 4 Conclusion
References Chapter 10: Perturbation of the
Health of the Riverine Ecosystem and its
Impact on the Biogeochemical, Ecological,
and Molecular Perspectives 1 Introduction
2 Toxicology of Riverine Pollution: Impact
on the Microbial Communities, Plants, and
Animals 2.1 Effect of Organic Compounds on
the Health of the Riverine Ecosystem 2.1.1
Phenol and Phenolic Compounds 2.1.2
Organophosphorus Compounds and their
Derivatives 2.1.3 Organochlorines and
Polychlorinated Derivatives 2.1.4
Pyrethroids 2.1.5 Herbicides 2.2 Effects
of Heavy Metals on the Health of the
Riverine Ecosystem 2.2.1 Cadmium 2.2.2
Lead 2.2.3 Arsenic 2.2.4 Mercury 2.2.5
Nickel 2.2.6 Barium 2.2.7 Chromium 3
Impact of Riverine Pollution on the
Riverine and Extra-Riverine Ecosystem 3.1
Behavioral Abnormalities Caused by
Freshwater Pollution 3.2 Reproductive
Abnormalities Caused by Freshwater
Pollution 3.3 Effects on Bioaccumulation,
Biomagnification, and Food Web 3.3.1
Bioaccumulation, Bioconcentration,
Bioaccumulation Factor, and
Bioconcentration Factor 3.3.2
Bioamplification or Biomagnification and
Biomagnification Factor 4 Remediation
Approaches: Advantages and Drawbacks 5
Conclusion and Future Directions
References Chapter 11: Assessment of
Habitat Quality in Quarried Reach of
Alluvial River 1 Introduction 2
Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Methods and
Database 2.3 Assessment of Geomorphic
Indicators 2.3.1 Estimation of Planform
Change 2.4 Assessment of Hydroecological
Indicators 2.4.1 Water Sampling Process
and Adopted Methods 2.4.2 Estimation of
Water Quality Index (WQI) 2.5 Measurement
of Microhabitat Patch 2.6 Final Rank Score
of Assessment Indicators 3 Results and
Discussion 3.1 Analysis of Geomorphic
Indicators 3.1.1 Channel Geometry 3.1.2
Sedimentary Facies and Textural Attributes
Sediment Facies at Bank Margin Site
Sediment Facies at Riparian Site Sediment
Facies on a River Bed 3.1.3 Pool-Riffle
Sequence 3.1.4 Thalweg Shifting 3.1.5
Channel Planform Change 3.1.6 Water Flow
Regime 3.2 Analysis of Ecological
Indicators 3.2.1 Riverine LULC 3.2.2
Microhabitat Patch 3.2.3 Water Quality
Index 3.2.4 Biodiversity Index in
Microhabitat Patch 3.3 River Habitat
Assessment 4 Conclusion References Chapter
12: Physicochemical and Microbial
Indicators for Water Quality Assessment in
an Industrial Catchment of River Damodar,
India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3
Materials and Methods 3.1 Collection of
Samples and Physicochemical Analysis 3.2
Pollution Index (PI) for Drinking Water
3.3 Microbial Analysis 3.3.1 Total Viable
Count (TVC) 3.3.2 Coliform Count (TC and
FC) 3.4 Multivariate Analysis 4 Results
4.1 Hydro-Chemistry of River Water 4.2
Pollution Index (PI) Analysis 4.3
Microbial Analysis 4.3.1 Total Viable
Count 4.3.2 Coliform Count 4.3.3 Faecal
Coliform Count 4.4 Multivariate Analysis 5
Discussions 6 Environmental Management
Planning 7 Conclusion References Chapter
13: Assessment of Water Pollution and
Aquatic Toxicity of the Churni River,
India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3
Database and Methodology 3.1 Database 3.2
Methods 3.2.1 Measuring Water Quality
3.2.2 Measurement of Aquatic Toxicity
3.2.3 Multivariate Statistical Technique 4
Results 4.1 Water Characteristics of the
Churni River 4.2 Water Quality and its
Spatiotemporality 4.3 PCA of the
Physicochemical Parameters 4.4 Nature of
Aquatic Toxicity in the Churni River 4.5
Risk Potential of Freshwater Fish Species
5 Discussion 5.1 Critical Environmental
Flow 5.2 Point and Non-point Sources of
Pollution 6 Conclusion References Chapter
14: River Corridor Mapping and Monitoring
Using Geospatial Technology 1 Introduction
2 Geospatial Application in River Corridor
Mapping 3 Remote Sensing Platform and
River Corridor Mapping 4 Geospatial
Methods and River Corridor Mapping 5
Integration Machine Learning Approach and
River Corridor Mapping 6 Future Prospect
and Conclusion References Chapter 15:
Microplastic Pollution in Freshwater
Systems: A Potential Environmental Threat
1 Introduction 2 Plastic Production and
its Applications 3 Microplastic Pollution
in Inland Waters 3.1 Morphological
Characterization of Microplastics 3.1.1
MPs Shape 3.1.2 MPs Size 3.1.3 MPs Color
3.2 Chemical Characterization of MPs 4
Fate and Impact of MPs 4.1 Impact on the
Environment 4.2 Impact on Humans 5
Remediation Techniques 6 Conclusion
References Chapter 16: Sand and Gravel
Mining and its Consequences on Morphometry
of Raidak-II River in Eastern Dooars,
India 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1
Study Area 2.2 Field Survey and Analysis
of Data 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 River
Bank Shifting 3.2 Channel Braiding 3.3
Width Depth Ratio of the River 3.4
Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Variation in
Elevation of the River Bed 3.5 Perception
Assessment of the Contributing Factors 4
Conclusion References Chapter 17:
Resuscitating the Regional Rivers: A
Crusade against Cauvery Crisis and
Coloured Legislations 1 Introduction 2
River Sand: Economical and Ecological
Importance 3 Epidemic Effects of Mindless
Mining 4 Field Observation in River
Cauvery 5 Regional Efforts to Revive the
Ecologies 6 Factors to Be Accounted for in
the New Framework 7 Proposed Mining Models
8 Alternatives to River Sand 9 Conclusion
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