Table of contents / Foreword / Acknowledgements / Executive summary / Background / The European context / European freshwater fishes: diversity and endemism / Threat status of species / Objectives of the assessment / Assessment methodology / Global versus regional assessment / Geographic scope / Taxonomic scope / Preliminary assessments and evaluation / Results and discussion / Threat status of freshwater fishes / Status by taxonomic groups / Spatial distribution of species / Species richness / Distribution of threatened species / Endemic species richness / Data Deficient species / Major threats to freshwater fishes in Europe / Water abstraction / Alien species / Hydropower and water control dams / Pollution
Population trends / Conservation measures / Protection of habitats and species in Europe / Protection of habitats and species in the EU / Conservation management of freshwater fishes in the EU / Extinction risk versus conservation status / Red List versus priority for conservation action / Conclusion and recommendations / Overview and recommendations for conservation measures / Application of project outputs / Future work / References / Appendix / Extinct and threatened freshwater fishes at the European and EU 27 level / Appendix / Bern Convention and Habitats Directive fish species / Appendix / Red List status of European freshwater fishes / Appendix / Methodology for spatial analyses / Appendix / Example species summary and distribution map