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Between 1949
and 1955, the State Department pushed for
an international fisheries policy grounded
in maximum sustainable yield (MSY). The
concept is based on a confidence that
scientists can predict, theoretically, the
largest catch that can be taken from a
species’ stock over an indefinite period.
And while it was modified in 1996 with
passage of the Sustained Fisheries Act,
MSY is still at the heart of modern
American fisheries management. As fish
populations continue to crash, however, it
is clear that MSY is itself not
sustainable. Indeed, the concept has been
widely criticized by scientists for
ignoring several key factors in fisheries
management and has led to the devastating
collapse of many fisheries.
Carmel Finley reveals that the fallibility
of MSY lies at its very inception—as a
tool of government rather than science.
The foundational doctrine of the MSY
emerged at a time when the US government
was using science to promote and transfer
Western knowledge and technology, and to
ensure that American ships and planes
would have free passage through the
world’s seas and skies. Finley charts the
history of US fisheries science using MSY
as her focus, and in particular its
application to halibut, tuna, and salmon
fisheries. Fish populations the world over
are threatened, andAll the Fish in the
Seawill help sound warnings of the effect
of any management policies divested from
science itself.
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